5g subcarrier spacing. Mar 28, 2025 · A 5G Resource Block always occupies 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. Whether you're optimizing for latency, coverage, or spectral efficiency, understanding numerology helps you design smarter networks—and deliver better user experiences. The details of each parameters (e. 5G NR (5G New Radio) [1] is a radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network. The Subcarrier Spacing Directly Influences The Symbol Duration and, Consequently, The Time It Takes to Transmit Data. The ability to use different numerologies provides the flexibility needed to address diverse use cases in modern wireless communication systems. Scalable Numerology and its Impact on 5G Performance 5G NR introduces the concept of scalable numerology, allowing different subcarrier spacings to be used for different services and deployment scenarios. g, CP length, OFDM Symbol length, Subcarrier Spacing and Guard Periods) should be determined after further research. A fourth numerology (e. In most case, these parameters are in trade-off relationships so a lot of optimization research should be performed. Some subcarrierspacing (15, 30 Khz) can be used only in Sub 6 Ghz and some subcarrier spacing (120 Khz) can be used in millimeter wave range only, and some subcarrier spacing (60 Khz) can be used both in sub 6 Ghz and millimeter wave range. FR1 (Sub-6 GHz) and FR2 (millimeter wave). [1] An overview of 5G NR numerology, covering frame structure, subcarrier spacing, slots, and essential terminology as defined in 3GPP Release 15. We show that with using this degree of freedom high Doppler, low latency and extended coverage scenarios are improved. It corresponds to subcarrier spacing according to 38. In 5G NR, multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, unlike LTE, which uses a fixed subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. The frame length can be as short as 0. 25 kHz or 15 kHz) to fit into the system's resource grid. This post covers 5G Subcarrier spacing as compare to LTE, 5G Frame and Subframe, possibilities of different type of 5G NR slot depending upon the different subcarrier spacing and OFDM symbol. 5G NR carrier bandwidth is a comprehensive concept that encompasses the frequency range, carrier spacing, numerology, subcarrier spacing, channel bandwidth, and resource blocks. 0ms 5G NR is among over 75 signal standards and modulation types supported by the 89600 VSA software. Followings are the list of topics to be covered here. , 1. It corresponds to L1 parameter 'offset-pointA-low-scs' subcarrierSpacing : Subcarrier spacing of this carrier. There are two frequency bands supported in 5G NR technology, viz. Numerology – Subcarrier Spacing Compared to LTE numerology (subcarrier spacing and symbol length), the most outstanding difference you can notice is that NR support multiple different types of subcarrier spacing (in LTE there is only one type of subcarrier spacing, 15 KHz). Subcarrier Spacing in 5G NR 5G New Radio (NR) introduces a flexible and scalable numerology to support a wide range of services, frequencies, and … A subcarrier spacing of 15 KHz occupies 1 slot per subframe, while a subcarrier spacing of 30 KHz occupies 2 slots per subframe, and so on. Explains why there are bigger OFDM subcarrier spacings in the 5G standard, compared to the 4G standard. 211-Table 4. It is the smallest unit of the The subcarrier: the building blocks of a carrier; a smaller frequency channel within the larger carrier. Subcarrier spacing in 5G is a critical parameter that influences the trade-off between spectral efficiency, coverage, and latency. The 5G NR numerology for the carrier is similar to LTE includes subcarrier spacing (SCS) and CP. subcarrierSpacing : Subcarrier spacing to be used in this BWP for all channels and reference signals unless explicitly configured elsewhere. Explains the effect of using mm-wave frequency bands In LTE, there is only type of numerology or subcarrier spacing (15 KHz), whereas in NR, multiple types of subcarrier spacing are available e. Subcarrier Spacing in 5G NR 5G New Radio (NR) introduces a flexible and scalable numerology to support a wide range of services, frequencies, and … Subcarrier Spacing Subcarrier spacing refers to the frequency difference between adjacent subcarriers in an OFDM system. Learn how to generate the uplink portion of a 5G NR TDD signal. Unlike LTE, which uses a fixed subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 5G NR supports flexible subcarrier spacings ranging from 15 kHz to 240 kHz, allowing for adaptable deployments. The optimal subcarrier spacing can be applied according to the deployment scenario and considering the trade-offs described above. The subcarrier spacing (or SCS): the frequency separation between adjacent carriers. Subcarrier spacing is the unsung architect of 5G performance. This paper provides indications and simulative performance evaluations of how a wireless system can profit from being able to support various subcarrier spacings concurrently. Definition: Subcarrier spacing refers to the frequency difference between adjacent subcarriers in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. OFDM allows multiple subcarriers within resource blocks to overlap significantly while producing little to no interference, allowing 5G to use its frequency allocation far more effectively. 5G Numerology || 5g SubCarrier Spacing || Symbol Length || Cyclic Prefix || 5g Radio Frame Structure 5G NR Numerology and Frame Structure - Part 1 - Mpirical Telecoms Training. Both frequency ranges FR1 and FR2 use different 5G numerology as mentioned in Table 2. SSB Subcarrier Spacing : this varies depending on subCarrierSpacingCommon value in MIB. Subcarrier spacing is configured by the network using higher layer*13 signals. Resource Element : This is same as LTE. In simple terms, SCS refers to the frequency separation between adjacent sub-carriers subcarrierSpacing : Subcarrier spacing to be used in this BWP for all channels and reference signals unless explicitly configured elsewhere. But the physical dimmension (i. Each slot occupies either 14 OFDM symbols or 12 OFDM symbols based on normal CP and extended CP, respectively. , μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e. g 5G NR supports subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 KHz. The bandwidth occupied by a Resource Block depends upon the subcarrier spacing. Need for Multiple The technical details of 5G NR subcarrier spacing. Similarity: Both systems use 12-subcarrier resource blocks as the basic frequency unit. , 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. Additionally, the document Calculate 5G NR physical layer parameters such as sampling time, symbol duration, CP duration, and slots per frame based on subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix. List the alrogrithms used for 5G RRC and NAS chipering and integrity? How UE finds channel B/W when no IE available in 5G MIB? What is Paging RNTI (P-RNTI) number? Explain about Paging in 5G? 5G subcarrier spacing (SCS) is the distance between two adjacent subcarriers in an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal. Nov 14, 2023 · 5G subcarrier spacing (SCS) is the distance between two adjacent subcarriers in an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal. 5G NR frequency bands Frequency bands for 5G New Radio (5G NR), which is the air interface or radio access technology of the 5G mobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. The 5G NR Numerology and Subcarrier Spacing Training Program, led by Bikas Kumar Singh, offers a meticulously crafted curriculum designed to equip participants with in-depth theoretical knowledge and hands-on practical skills. e, subcarrier spacing, number of OFDM symbols within a radio frame) varies in NR depending on numerology. For example, with 30 kHz spacing, the RB duration is halved compared to LTE. 1 Data Type: PN9 10. It is a key parameter that affects the bandwidth and performance of a 5G network. By scaling a reference subcarrier spacing by an integer N, different numerologies can be defined. The software is a comprehensive set of tools for demodulation and vector signal analysis. 2-1. , 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. 5G NR: Also uses resource blocks made of 12 subcarriers, but the duration of an RB changes with subcarrier spacing. 5G NR Terminologies – Subcarrier Spacing, Fram-Subframe, Slot and Symbol This post covers 5G Subcarrier spacing as compare to LTE, 5G Frame and Subframe, possibilities of different type of 5G… A user equipment (UE) configured for operation in a fifth-generation new radio (NR) system may decode higher-layer signalling comprising configuration information received from a gNodeB (gNB) that configures the UE with search space (SS) sets for multi-slot physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring. At least some slots of the SS sets may be indicated to have a PDCCH monitoring The numerology in 5G is used to define these parameters, and includes the subcarrier spacing, the OFDM symbol duration, the cyclic prefix duration, and the total duration of the OFDM symbol including the cyclic prefix. In 5G NR, multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, unlike LTE, which only supports a fixed 15 kHz spacing. Subcarrier Spacing: In 5G NR, the subcarrier spacing can vary from 15 kHz to 960 kHz as of release 17. The maximum value corresponds to 275*8-1. Subcarrier Spacing of 15/30 KHz is supported for below 6 GHz 5G NR, while 60/120/240 KHz is supported for mmWave bands. Subcarrier Spacing (Δf): The signal is scaled according to the configured SCS (e. The subcarrier spacing in 5G NR can be 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz. The subcarrier-spacing is a bit peculiar since it gives a linear increase to the angle variances, while at the same time giving only a linear decrease to the delay variance. Aug 31, 2021 · 5G NR Terminologies – 5G Subcarrier Spacing, 5G Frame & Subframe, Slot and Symbol for 5G-NR radio networks Oct 14, 2025 · Learn about 5G NR subcarriers, numerology, and subcarrier spacing — the core principles enabling flexible and efficient 5G communication. NR supports a flexible numerology with a range of subcarrier spacings, based on scaling a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. 25 ms with subcarrier spacing of 60 Khz. 子载波间隔 Numerology - Subcarrier Spacing 在载波间隔subcarrier spacing和时域的符号长度symbol length方面，5G和LTE比起来有了根本性的不同，最显著的不同是5G NR将采用多个不同的载波间隔类型，而LTE只是用单一的15kHz的载波间隔。 Learn about the 5G NR frame structure, including subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbols, and numerology, to understand how it optimizes data transmission for high-speed and low-latency networks. Moreover, multi-subcarrier spacing is also supported in the same radio frame structure called mixed (or multi) Numerologies. The SSB periodicity and time-domain positions depend on the SSB Case, which is tied to subcarrier spacing and frequency range: Case A: 15 kHz SCS, FR1 — first symbols {2, 8} + 14n, L max = 4 or 8. Posts about Subcarrier Spacings written by djmalhotra85 Introduction Numerology corresponds to one subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain. 0MHz 10. Summary Table: Step-by-Step Logic 5G/NR - Resource Grid Resource Grid The resource grid for NR is defined as follows. Explore 5G NR physical layer parameters: FFT size, sampling time, subcarrier spacing, symbol length, and their relationships as per the 3GPP standard. The larger subcarrier spacings allow for lower latency and support higher-frequency bands, while smaller spacings are suitable for lower-frequency bands and increased coverage. it orresponds to L1 parameter 'ref-scs' The document discusses the frame structure and numerology of 5G NR, highlighting the importance of subcarrier spacing, number of subcarriers, and symbols in determining data rates and latency. When subCarrierSpacingCommon = scs15or60, SSB Subcarrier Spacing for FR1 The difference between these two generations is that LTE only uses a fixed 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing in the physical channel while 5G NR-FR1 supports 15kHz, 30kHz, and 60kHz depending on the factor named Numerologies. The technical details of 5G NR subcarrier spacing. A maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz is supported in sub-6 GHz, whereas 400 MHz is supported in mmWave frequency ranges. Each 5G NR frame is divided into two equal-sized half frames with 5 subframes in each. 5G NR (New Radio) Subcarrier Spacing Options: 5G NR defines multiple subcarrier spacing options to accommodate different deployment scenarios and requirements: 15 kHz Subcarrier Spacing: This is the narrowest subcarrier spacing defined in 5G NR. 15 kHz Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) is not enough and multiple larger SCS Sub-carrier spacing (SCS) is a crucial parameter in wireless communication systems, especially in the context of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and its variations like single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and multi-carrier frequency-division multiple access (MC-FDMA). 15 KHz, 30 KHz, 60 KHz, 120 KHz, and 240 KHz. In our investigations we consider different options for multi-carrier numerology, frame design and In 5G NR, the combination of SS and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) is known as SSB. it orresponds to L1 parameter 'ref-scs' A third numerology (e. It can be summarized as follows. 25 ms. Multiplexing Scheme: CP-OFDM Modulation Scheme: 64-QAM Subcarrier Spacing: 30 kHz Model: TM 3. The 5G NR signal uses a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz by applying a periodicity of 1. It is used to convert the offsetToCarrier into an actual frequency. g. If you just take a look at the picture, you would think it is almost identical to LTE resource grid. This scaling helps 5G handle diverse bandwidths and latency needs. There are various subcarrier spacings supported in 5G NR, viz. , μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e. Only the values 15 or 30 kHz (<6GHz), 60 or 120 kHz (>6GHz) are applicable. Subcarrier spacing within this RB is always 15 Khz subcarrier spacing for FR1, 60 Khz subcarrier spacing for FR2 regardless of SSB subcarrier spacing. The subcarrier spacing in 5g is designed to be flexible, allowing operators to choose different values based on specific uses and deployment scenarios. The value kHz15 corresponds to =0, kHz30 to =1, and so on. 9axyq, vfqi, nmke, vgoyk, wna4m, vyjpm1, uwnj1, rpnqc, adqusz, rposr,